SSC 2017

PHYSICAL EXERCISE

The terms exercise and physical activity are often used interchangeably, but this article will distinguish between them. Physical activity is an inclusive term that refers to any expenditure of energy brought about by bodily movement via the skeletal muscles; as such, it includes the complete spectrum of activity from very low resting levels to maximal exertion. Exercise is a component of physical activity. The distinguishing characteristic of exercise is that it is a structured activity specifically planned to develop and maintain physical fitness. There are different kinds of physical exercise walking, running, swimming, cycling etc. Walking and swimming are the best kind of physical exercise which are helpful for people of all ages. It is essential to keep our body fit and mind sound. There lies a close connection between body and mind. We cannot think of a sound mind without sound health. It is physical exercise which enables us to build better health. Since health is the root of all happiness, so to be happy one should take regular physical exercise. A machine gets rusted for want of proper use. Human body is also like a machine. Without taking physical exercise regularly our body gets rusty or starts malfunctioning. It becomes inactive and weak for want of exercise. Physical exercises make our body active and the muscles strong. It also improves our power of digestion and blood circulation. It gives strength to our brain. At the same time we must not forget that excessive exercise is harmful for our health. It makes us sick. Besides, needless to say that physical exercise can deform and fracture different organs of our body. So we should maintain the proper time, place and regularity while doing physical exercise. As health is wealth, we should be conscious about taking regular physical exercise to keep this wealth in good condition. To make your nation health-conscious media can play a vital role.

Letter to friend how I spent my summer vacation

Dear Hrid,

………………………………………….

In the last letter you wanted to know how I spent this year’s summer vacation. Well, that’s just a story.  

The summer vacation had turned out once more. I was very happy as I forget about the daily puzzle and routine of school. I was unsure about my plan of summer vacation and was behaving like drifter. Ultimately I thought to extract much from this summer vacation. I charted out my options to take up some types of exercise like running, walking, joining debate academy, joining swimming academy etc. But I found that my inner soul is not satisfied. I thought to be honest to myself and planned to make the best of my vacation time during this vacation. Finally I came out with a better plan to taste journey and a tour spot and to save myself from 44 degree Celsius temperature of summer. I decided to enjoy my native town Tangail in this vacation. The daily plan was quite different to that of tour spot. We discussed with our family member to take short tour of this place, fair and nearby historical places of Tangail and to remain at home during chilled hot summer day. I also decided to plunge myself into swimming spot if available there to enjoy swimming. At first day evening time we saw a show organised at the heart-centre of Tangail. Subsequently we went to a historical place and in ancient time it was known as Chandra Nagar. Migratory birds are still used to come to this lake every year.  At another day I went to swimming pool of a park. It costs around 120 taka but I thought it is very less than the expenditure of any tour's one day cost. I enjoyed the cool water. It was very great feeling to have the enjoyment like this in summer time. This summer vacation was not spent entirely in seeking fun but used as a part learning to enhance my weakness of Algebra. During day period of this summer vacation I finished all chapters of Mathematics. It is unbelievable that I had become so strong in algebra after that summer vacation. I recommend my entire friend circle to target a vacation to strengthen the subject. I think weakness of any subject can be overcome.

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TRAFFIC JAM/CONGESTION

In today’s world, the success of a city depends on its economy, which in turn is dependent on the infrastructure, among other things. The importance of the infrastructure can be particularly felt by the citizens of Dhaka in its traffic system, as its congestion reminds us of how important it is to have a good transport system. The causes of traffic congestion in Dhaka city are multifarious. Starting from the city itself, it is observed that the skeleton, structure and lay-out of Dhaka City are not well-planned and well-directed. The minimum road requirement is 25% for a standard city, whereas Dhaka has only 7.5% road of its total area which is creating huge traffic. Every day thousands of people are entering the city as our economic activity and administration like education, health sector are all Dhaka centered. Pedestrians are often seen crossing the streets at places they are not supposed to while talking to each other or on mobile phones oblivious to things around them. Some seem to be unaware of the doctrine “Don’t run across the road. Largely, people’s tendency to flout traffic rules and lack of adequate facilities for pedestrians, illegal occupation of pavements by parked cars, shops, vendors and construction materials contribute to pedestrians’ use of the streets, said traffic experts. However, it is understandable that resolving the problem of traffic jam in Dhaka city is not possible within a short time.  It needs both short-term and long-term strategies. Short-term and long-term strategies may include re-adjusting the school and office time keeping at least one hour difference, re-routing the public transport,  reducing and replacing private transport with convenient and cheaper public transport, fixing different fare for rush and non-rush hour and finally keeping the foot-ways free from hawkers and shopkeepers. We hope the problem will be solved within years. 

ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

Pollution has become the first enemy of the mankind. Industrial revolution of 19th century led to environmental disaster. The whole world is now more afraid of pollution rather than nuclear blast. Technological advancement has brought revolutionary changes in life style and national economy with overwhelming power over nature. The protection of environment has become a major issue around the global for the well being of the people and economic development. The present environmental condition of Bangladesh is not at all equilibrium. Severe air, water and noise pollution are threatening human health, ecosystems and economic growth of Bangladesh. Air pollution caused due to increasing population, burning fossil fuels, industrialization and associated motorization. The water pollution caused due to industrialization. The underground water of Bangladesh has been polluted due to arsenic. The inhabitants of major cities of Bangladesh are also exposed to high level of noise pollution. Environmental degradation of Bangladesh is also caused due to poverty, over-population and lack of awareness on the subject. It is manifested by deforestation, destruction of wetlands, soil erosion and natural calamities. Few steps have been taken by the government to improve the environmental degradation and pollution control. Environmental issues have become major concerns due to impact on public health and development of Bangladesh. Air and water pollution, groundwater contamination, nuisance from solid wastes and noise pollution are the main environmental pollutions of Bangladesh. Dhaka City is one of the most polluted cities in the world. Environmental problems occur mainly due to population growth, urbanization, industrialization, rapid rise in transportation, inadequate and improper traffic management, poor sanitation systems and inefficient solid waste management.

Wonders of Modern Science/Science in Everyday Life

We live in an age of science. Science has changed the face of the world. It has also revolutionized the life of humans. Wherever we look at land, water and air we can see the gifts of science. Science has made our life easy and comfortable. We cannot think of our modern life without science.

Electricity has changed our life, society and culture. It is a great source of power and energy. It works like a magic. The radio, television, lights, fans, electric irons, mills, factories are run by electricity.

We cannot think of our modern civilization without science. Science has done wonders in the field of communication. Mobile or Telephone is another wonder of modern science. It helps a man to talk with any one sitting in any corner of the wonder.

Wireless or radio is another great wonder of modern science. It has made us possible to hear the human voice from any part of the world.

We can send news from one corner of the world to other within a moment. Radio and television are also great media for communication.

Science has discovered many wonders for our recreation. Television is one of the screens of television. We can hear song and music; enjoy drama, dance, debate etc. Radio is one of the wonders of modern science.

Medical science has lessened human suffering. It has given eyes to the blind, hearing to the deaf, Legs to the lame. Penicillin, x-ray, biopsy and ultrasonography, E.C.G are some of the wonders of modern science in the field of medical science.

Science has spread education among people. Thousands of books, magazines, newspapers are printed every hour.

Science has done wonders in the field of agriculture. Farmers use scientific tools for cultivation and grow more foods, crops, fruits etc. Science has removed the distance of place. It has saved time.

We can travel hundreds of miles within a short time. Aero plane can carry us to the different parts of the world.

The radar is another wonderful invention. It gives us signal about weather forecast.

Nuclear energy is another wonder of modern science. The rocket is another wonder of science. It has made space travel easy. Man has landed on the moon successfully.

Nowadays computer and calculators have brought a great change in the history of human civilization. Modern world cannot go even a single day without computer.

Science is the greatest of all conquerors. It has established itself firmly in our hearts. Science has not only provided our life with modern facilities but it has made us scientific being also. Due to advancement of science, men are now more rational in nature. Tendency to lead life based on knowledge is on the increase. It is high time we humans decided whether we would abuse science to destroy ourselves or utilize properly to survive in the only world.

PHYSICAL EXERCISE

Physical exercise is the planned and repetitive bodily activity that is done to gain good health or to maintain physical and mental fitness. Physical exercises are generally classified into aerobics, anaerobic, and flexibility. Aerobic means requiring or using oxygen. Aerobic exercises are done to make the body consume more oxygen. This process helps improve the condition of the heart and the circulatory system. Examples of this type are swimming, cycling, etc. Anaerobic means not requiring or using oxygen. Anaerobic exercises are highly intensive exercises that are done for short duration. An example of this type may be weight lifting. As against the aerobic exercises that depend upon the breathing air, the demand for oxygen far exceeds the supply in case of anaerobic exercises. Flexibility means the ability to bend easily without much difficulty. Flexibility exercises are done to improve muscular mobility and joint flexibility. Example: stretching, There is a need for physical exercise in every spheres of life. Physical exercise is very important for proper health and fitness. Physical exercises are necessary for every citizen of the country.

The youths are choosing junk foods to eat. It spoils the health of the youth people. They look old before time. Their poor health is a social problem. People without good health cannot enjoy life. We cannot have a strong nation if the citizens have no good health.

Man is superior to animals because he has a developed mind. He controls the animals with his intellect. But we cannot have mental growth if our body is weak and sickly. The death of body means the death of the mind also. ‘A sound mind is in a sound body’ is a popular saying. So, physical exercises are very necessary for mental health. A sickly man cannot sit well. He cannot do his work properly.

Bangladesh earned her freedom after great sacrifices. We have to protect her freedom. We have to make our defenses strong. The citizens of our country must be physically fit and healthy. Only then they can defend the country’s freedom. One pundit once said, ‘every child of our country shall have to be a soldier of freedom’.

The economy of our country depends upon agriculture. The agricultural production of our country is low. If our workers are physically strong and healthy, then it will help our country to increase the agricultural output. If fact, physical exercise are useful for them. These exercises will keep them fit and healthy. Then our production on farms and in factories will go up.

Student life is considered incomplete without physical activities and exercises. Physical activities are as important as studies. It is for this reason that schools and colleges dedicate special classes for physical exercises. This help the students to stay fit, both physically and mentally.

Physical exercise is very important for office goers as well. There are very few opportunities for physical exercise in offices. The modern age is the age of information technology and internet. People work for several hours sitting in front of the computer. This causes stress in the eyes and body of such people. The health of the modern-day office goes is deteriorating everyday. Such people should engage in some physical activity and exercise to regenerate and rejuvenate their mind and body. They can also choose to go for morning walk each day.

Physical exercises make us healthy. They make us good citizens. Life without good health is no life at all. If we spend an hour in taking physical exercises, we can work hard for the rest of the day. Thus, physical exercises are of great use to us. They should be made compulsory for students, teachers and office-goers.

My Daily Life

It is the duty of every one to prepare a routine of work that will help him to do everything in time. To make the proper use of our time it is absolutely necessary to have daily routine. For a student, it is all the more necessary. I am a student. I have a routine of my own. I strictly follow it.

With the break of dawn my day begins. I do not forget to observe the proverb:

“Early to bed and early to rise,

Makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise”.

So, it is my habit to rise early in the morning. After rising from bed I usually brush my teeth, wash my hands, face and feet and then say my morning prayer. After my prayer I go to the open field to take physical exercise. After taking physical exercise, I get back home. Then I take my breakfast which mother keeps ready for me. When my breakfast is over, I go to my reading room to prepare my day’s lessons. I stay there three hours at a stretch with complete devotion to studies.

At 10:30 a.m. I get myself ready to go to school. Usually I go to school at 11 a.m. Daily I spend valuable five hours over there. I take my seat in the front bench and listen attentively to what my teachers say. Our school starts at 12:00 noon and gets over at 4:30 p.m. During the school hours I remain very busy with my studies.

When the school is over, I come back home direct. After changing my school dress, washing my hands and face I take some light refreshment and merrily go to the field to play with my friends.

Coming back from playground I take ablution and say evening prayer. After it I go to my reading room and study with the deep attention to prepare my lessons for the next day. At 9:30 p.m. I generally take my supper. After supper I say my Isha prayer. Before retiring to bed I listen to the Television or Radio which provides me with charming songs and music. I enjoy them until I feel drowsy. This is how I spend my time every day.

A well regulated daily life is a must for everybody to reach the goal of life. Without making and maintaining a regulated daily life none can expect to succeed in life. So, everybody should have a daily routine and follow it strictly. Today’s actions taken for one’s daily life will determine the future success.

POPULATION PROBLEM OF BANGLADESH

Introduction: Population problem, like energy crisis, is one of the most talked of topics of the world these days. It is the burning question of Bangladesh. Now the world has a population of about seven hundred crores. The population of the world is increasing day by day. It is creating many problems.

Population of Bangladesh: Bangladesh is the most densely populated country in the world. It is a small country of 147570 square kilometers. But it has a population over 16 crores. Every year more than two million people are being added to our population. The problem is now out of control.

When it becomes a problem: Though the population of a country is an asset, it becomes a problem when the country cannot afford to give people the basic necessaries of life like food, clothing, education, medicine and shelter etc. There are many causes of rapid growth of population. Nowadays owing to better explosion of medical facilities and improvements of standard of living the death rate has gone down much but on the other hand the birth rate is on the constant increase. Early marriage and literacy rate are two important causes of the growth of population. The population of our country is increasing at an alarming rate.

Its effect: The area of Bangladesh is too small to support her vast population. As a result it creates the following problems.

Food problem: Population in Bangladesh is increasing by geometrical progression. But the agricultural production is increasing by arithmetical progression. The production of food cannot keep pace with our increasing people. So there is the shortage of food in our country. Every year a large quantity of food is to be imported from abroad.

Communication problem: There are crowds everywhere in buses, trains, bazars, schools, colleges etc. People climb on the roof of the buses and trains to travel one to another as there is no room inside. This causes the accident.

Educational problem: It creates educational problem too. It is a herculean job to get admission in schools and colleges. For twenty seats, there may be two thousands candidates.

Unemployment: In the field of employment this condition is hazardous. For one single vacant post there will be thousand candidates. Thousands and thousands people are out of work in the country.

Shelter problem: The area of Bangladesh is too small to arrange shelter for the large number of population. In our country some people sleep under the open sky, under the large tree, at railway station.

Health problem: ”Health is wealth”, but our people are suffering from many diseases. Many children of our country are blind because they do not get enough nutrition. Our children often suffer in diarrhea.

Medical and medicine problem: The large number of population creates the treatment problems too. There is only one qualified doctor for every 25,000 village people on the average. They also do not get proper and sufficient medicine.

Environmental pollution: The increasing people pollute our environment by making latrines on the bank of rivers and canals. Human waste pollutes our environments. The vast population also produces so much carbon dioxide which is danger for the environment.

Poverty: The increasing population of our country is creating pressure to our wealth. So day by day we become poor.

How to remove it: We should all come forward to control it. The government of Bangladesh is trying to control it. To remove this problem we should follow the following arrangements.

Family planning: Each family must not have more than two children. Then each family will be planned. They should be made aware of the gravity of the problem.

Education of the masses: To check the growth of population, top-most importance should be attached to education of the masses. If the entire population is educated, there would develop a sense of national awareness and wide outlook among them.

Stop early marriage: If we do not stop early marriage, the people of our country will be increasing at an alarming rate day by day.

Others: We can export man to other countries to remove the population crisis. To remove this problem, the lesson of self reliance is particularly needed for us.

Conclusion: The population problem is a great malady for Bangladesh. But this can be solved if the government and the people are firmly determined to control birth rate and grow more food at the same time. No improvement is possible unless this problem is solved. Therefore, all the people of Bangladesh and the government should join hands to meet the crisis right at this moment before it is too late.

IMPORTANCE OF LEARNING ENGLISH

Introduction: English is a global language. For various reasons English has got the status of International language. In today’s world of information technology and hi-tech communication, learning English is must. English is important for other reasons also.

English: Language Of Globalization: The present age is an age of globalization. Anything produced or invented in any part of the world gets global character or recognition very rapidly. To keep pace with the process of globalization, we need to learn English. Conversely, the globalizing process requires single language for international communication. For various reasons English has achieved the prestige of global language. As a result,it has crossed the national borders of English speaking countries and reached people who speak other languages. English is no longer a unique possession of the British or American people, but a language that belongs to world’s people.

English As An International Language: Today about 300 million people speak English as the first language and another 350 million use it as a second language. It is the official or semi-official language in more than 60 countries and of many international organizations. International organizations held their meeting in English.

English, A Lingue Franca: English is widely spoken all over the world. When people of two different language meet or need to communicate, they resort to a third language for better mutual communication and understanding. English, for its widespread use and acceptance, plays the role of the common language well. That is why English is called Lingua Franca or Common language.

Importance Of English: Today importance of English needs no explanation. English is important for a number of reasons:

In Business: English is used widely by international business community. To communicate across national borders and maintain correspondence with overseas business parties or professionals, English is essential.

In Education: English is important for higher education and specialized training. Most of the books on any subjects are written in English or quickly translated in English. English is the medium of instruction in Education in most universities and higher education institutes of the world.

For Getting Job: English is essential for getting a good job and better salaries. Multinational business organizations and many international corporations ask for people who have a good working knowledge of English. Even job advertisements in local market also require English knowing people. People who go abroad for work also need to know English. English is need for a variety of jobs as like air hostess, pilot, travel guide, media manager etc.

For International Relation: English is important for maintaining international relations and communications. It is the language of diplomacy, international politics and meetings and conferences.

For Information: In today’s world of information superhighway, English is essential for getting easy access to any information. Almost any information is available is English. English is the language of information technology and internet.

In Media and Entertainment: English is important for access to world media and Entertainment. Satellite channels around the world telecast news and views in English. Games and sports are telecast live and their commentaries are also broadcasted in English. Cinemas, cartoons and other media productions are available in English.

English Culture and Literature: Knowing English gives an essay access to the vast resource of English literature. World’s famous books, novels, histories, stories, poems are available in English. Besides, English helps to know about cultures of other people, discoveries, inventions and life styles of the other nations.

Conclusion: The importance of English cannot be denied. Knowing English is like having an international visa. Anywhere in the world English is useful and helpful. So, learning English is very important.

INTERNET

The Internet Is The Greatest Invention of Mankind There are two sides to every story, and in this case, two sides to every argument. The above statement poses such questions as: if the Internet is not the best invention of mankind, what is? And, what would life be like without computers and the Internet? I hope to answer these questions and form a fact-based opinion on whether I think that the Internet truly is the greatest invention of mankind. One of the obvious benefits of the Internet is that it provides people with fast accessible information; mainly through search engines such as Google or Yahoo. These search engines are easily accessed, and they provide links to website containing information on what you searched for. Using these search engines, you can also search for images of whatever you want. But, we must ask, is this easy access to images and websites safe for young children?

Another factor which may put some people off the Internet as a whole is the distraction it is to young people, mainly teenagers. They can get sidetracked into chatting to friends on MSN or Myspace. Many children have stated that instead of doing homework or coursework, they often get distracted into other things. Some parents do not let their children use the Internet other than for homework and research, purely because of the fact that it may distract them from working. Perhaps because of the Internet, there has been an increase in the number of reported identity thefts and credit card frauds. The Internet has effectively provided a gateway for fraudsters to steal credit card numbers, addresses, pin numbers and personal information. The Internet is not as secure as it is made out to be, which is why many doubt its reputation.

Without the wheel, we would not be able to get around ourselves. Another invention which has been with us a long time, but which will always be one of the most useful to us, is the telephone. The telephone has long been a great means of communication, and I believe that it will always be needed far more than the Internet. But, we are forgetting (In my opinion) the most important invention of all, and that is electricity. Without electricity, we would not have many of these other inventions such as the telephone, and more importantly the Internet. Undoubtedly, the Internet provides many people with a living, it provides millions of people each day with means of communication, and means of purchasing products, but, I do not think that the Internet is the greatest invention of mankind, nor do I think that it comes close; there are other far more beneficial inventions, such as the wheel, the telephone, and, of course, electricity. I believe that the Internet is a great invention, with upsides and downsides, but I believe it never was and never will be the greatest. 

The Game You Like Most/My favorite game/Why you like cricket

Introduction: Every body has a favorite game like football, cricket, volley ball, hockey and basket ball etc. But my favorite game is cricket. I get much interest in this game. Whenever 1 get time I like to play cricket. It is very expensive game.

Rules of cricket: Now, cricket is very popular game. Before, this game was not understood by ordinary people. But the illiterate mass can even understand the game now; because World Cup Cricket is shown in television. Mostly, one day game is observed in World Cup Cricket. Every team consists of eleven players. Eleven players have eleven wickets but after losing the 10 wickets the game is over. Next half they go for fielding arid haling. Besides, there is series game. In our country one day cricket is very popular now. Even my favorite game is one day cricket match. Normally one day cricket match is placed rounding 50 over for each team. Each over contains six balls. The starting of match is fixed by toss. Winning the toss any team can ask his opposition for batting.

How it is played: Normally one day cricket match is played round fifty over. When a team starts for batting, only two players are on the peach for baiting. The other players sit on the gallery. The players o)' other team are in balling and fielding There are many ways of wicket falling such as bold-out, run out, catch out and LBW etc. In the time of balling if ball hits the wicket, the bat man goes out and another bat-man comes batting. When the ball of batman goes tip not touching the ground and if it is caught by any fielder the batsman will be out. By turns a team can send 10 players for batting. Before the wickets falling if the over are finished or before finishing the over the wickets are fallen and the game is finished for, one team. By this the game is over. The winning of the game is determined by run rate.

Description of the game: Cricket is very interesting game of the world. This game gives enjoyment for long time. Normally one day game is started in the morning and finished before the MD Set. During the play time particularly in the game of hard competition -none can surely say who will win. This is the most entertaining thing. Once upon a time maximum people of our country didn't have interest in this game. Now, this game has become very popular because of ding the international competition in the television.

The famous teams of the world: Australia, New Zealand, India, Sri Lanka, England, Pakistan, South Africa, West Indies, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Ireland, Canada, Canada, Netherlands, Scotland, Afghanistan, USA etc. are the famous teams of the world. Bangladesh has also pad prospect in cricket if the players are trained in national basis.

Why by do I favor this game: My favorite game is cricket. It is very interesting game. It gives pleasure for a long time. This game is led by two umpires. It is very uncertain game; actually the uncertain winning and defeating give me, very joy. After all it is much disciplined game. There is no major conflict to run the game smoothly. Moreover, I like the game very much for its kingly ire and dress. I am very deeply chirmed by this game.

Conclusion: Every man has favorite writer, poet actor, actress, game etc. Among all of the games cricket is my favorite. In this match I have more pleasure than any other game. I think Bangladesh has good future in cricket if the players are properly trained up. Pakistan, England and other are the inlaid champion of the cricket. Really cricket is very interesting game of the world.

The Game I Like Most

I have played various games during the last five years but no game has provided me so much pleasure as the game of football. I have played hockey and cricket. I adjudge hockey as a risky game and consider cricket as a dull game.

Similarly volleyball and basketball don’t arouse interest in one though these too are excellent games. I am a boy of short height and do not find it advantageous to play basketball. Cricket is a costly game and a poor boy like me cannot afford it.

On the other hand the game of football is thought to be the best of all by me. Its rules are ‘easy to understand and does not take too long a period of time to finish like cricket. Football is neither an expensive game nor it is unsuitable like cricket. I adjudge the game of football the best because it gives me sufficient exercise and it develops all the muscles of mind.

Lawn Tennis is expensive and I consider badminton as a ladies game. The struggle of sticks in hockey leads to quarrel among boys. I find great enthusiasm, pleasure and recreation in the game of football. We don’t get disheartened. Our regular practice makes us good players.

In football there is a need of the spirit of co-operation among the players. If the teams are organized orderly a feeling of brotherhood is restored. In no other game speed, pluck, tactics and presence of mind are required, as it is found in the game of football. Further for playing football we do not need an expert. It is neither complicated too. What we need for football is a ball and a plain ground.

The game of football is played between two teams, each team consisting of eleven players. All the players obey strictly to the whistle of the referee and the flag of the linesmen. They get themselves accustomed to strict discipline.

Each team consists of one goal-keeper, three half-backs, two full backs and five forwards. The players are allowed to kick the ball with any part of the body except their hands. The only player that uses his hands and feet for kicking the ball is the goal­keeper. The joy of the game is intensified as the ball is netted and when medals and trophies are given as a result of this. The game excites the spirit of the spectators when the players of one team put the ball into the goal of the opponents.

The game has one drawback as accidents take place on account of unfair pushing and foul play. But playing in this way is not conducive to sporting like spirit. If it is played in true spirit the accidents are bound to be reduced. If the instructions of the referee are violated, the game is called a foul one.

Football nourishes our mind and body. The game teaches us discipline and co-operation. It is very popular in India, Holland, Russia and America as well. It teaches us to face the challenge of life with fortitude, confidence and courage. The sufficient exercise to our limbs given by football helps us to grow well.

USES AND ABUSES OF INTERNET

Internet is the way of intercommunication network. But the definition of interment can’t be described so easily. It is not only a communication network but also the most widely spread communication technology of the world. In fact it can be termed as Aladin’s magic lamp in the sphere of modern era. It is a tool that can link up all the people around the world or we can say that it is a net that we can’t see. It brings us a lot of convenience. But at the same time it can be described as a weapon to destroy human’s psychology.  

Whatever it may be the internet that has proved itself very helpful tool in many ways. It has opened a gateway for people. It has made impossible task possible for us to communicate with people from the other side of the world. At the same time, it allows us to meet new people and discover new places even though we are not there.

While maximum people consider it as a blessing on the other hand nowadays many others regard it as a curse because like everything else in the world the internet has a good and a bad side to it. One of the main reasons that many people blame it is that everything is very easy here. One can get the information whatever s/he likes. It has no sense to differentiate the good and evil information. In fact it has no censorship sense.

As a result many things spin out of control. People start using the internet as a method of spying rather than a manner of communication. They abuse this blessing by placing information or data that is unacceptable such as pornography. Some others may use it for fraud or theft. When these actions are committed they are considered as a form of crime.

It is more useful and sometime harmful to the rising young generation. Especially a student no longer needs to spend long hours in libraries searching for a desired piece of information. A web search engine can provide the necessary material just at a click of a button and no matter which remote corner of the world s/he is in. The Internet will keep you side by side of the latest developments and findings that are happening throughout the world.

Everything in this world has both bright and dark sides. So, in this point there are people who will stand by and against it. We have both the way is opened. It is we who are to decide which way to travel on this information super path and the right of choice depends totally on us. The information and technology controlling authority has also something to do in this regard. Though the flow of information is open to all, the authority can certainly give a barrier against the uncensored websites. Overall our positive thinking and well developed sense can raise us clearly a step ahead with the blessing of internet.

Uses and Abuses of Cell/Mobile Phone

Introduction: 

Mobile phones have revolutionized the life of human beings for many years. They have become widespread all over the world. This revolution in the communication aspect replaced letter-writing by providing ease to the humanity in terms of communication among the people. Besides that, mobile phones also play an anti-social part in humanity. It depends on how it is being used. In short, we can say that mobile phones have their uses and misuses which entirely depend upon the user.

Advantages: 

The cellular phones are easily portable from place to place. Through cellular phone we can send messages (normal, photo and voice messages), send e-mails to distant places, play games, know time, listen to songs and watch movies, do calculation jobs, get news of different channels. We can also use the internet through cellular phones having GPRS modem. The popularity of cell phones is increasing very rapidly. Many companies are now providing telephony services to the people at an affordable rate. The tendency is increasing fast. Now, anybody can purchase a cell set at a negligible price. The world has become a global village with the touch of modern technology. We can communicate with the people of any country within a few seconds with this wonderful invention of modern science. The users of cell phones are increasing day by day. People are getting manifold benefits.

Disadvantages: 

In spite of all these advantages, the cell phones have some draw baths. The young generation is greatly affected by the evil influences of cell phones. They are using it as a fashion. They are now indulged in listening to songs, watching pornographic movies and sending vulgar messages. Sometimes, they talk for hours together which are very damaging to their health. The cell phone sometimes becomes the cause of health hazard, especially, the children are affected much. Scientists believe that cell phones cause brain tumors, genetic damage, and many other incurable diseases. They believe that invisible uncontrolled radioactivity of the cell phone causes irreparable damage to human body. They say that the government should control radioactive sources (both ionized and non-ionized). It is true that millions of people are getting benefits from modern cellular telephone but most are blissfully unaware of the danger of it. Doctors say if a user continues his/her conversation more than two minutes, the blood brain barrier gets damaged. The blood pressure gets high and red blood cells are damaged if a person gets continued exposure to radiation caused by cellular telephone. Using cellular telephone is also harmful to the pregnant women. So, Bangladesh government should have an official ban on using cell phone by children and pregnant women. Besides, terrorist outfits are using cell phones for spreading out terrorism throughout the world. They have even their own networking system.

Conclusion: 

We can say that though the cell phones have some demerits, its necessity in exchanging dialogues, sending messages cannot be denied in the truest sense of the term in our day-to-day life.

A Village Market

Introduction: A village market is public places in a village where the influx of people assemble from adjoin areas to buy and sell commodities necessary for everyday life. So, it is an important buying and selling center for the villagers. It is the back-bone of the rural economy.

Description:

a. Site and location:- A village market generally locates at a place where people from different places can easily come for buying and selling different goods. So, a village market usually stands by the side of a river or canal or at the junction of roads or near a railway station.

b. Kinds of village markets:- There are generally two kinds of village markets—the daily market and the weekly market. The daily market is called 'bazar'. It sits daily in the morning. The weekly market is called 'hat'. It sits once or twice a week in the forenoon and continues up to late in the evening.

Arrangement of shops:- The shops in a village market are arranged in a systematic way. Generally three types of shops are seen in the village market. They are permanent shops, temporary shops and open space shops. The open space shops of the same kind are clustered together and are arranged in rows. Fish, milk, fruit, betel leaves, vegetables etc. are bought and sold in the open space shop. The temporary shops are held in sheds having only their roofs. In these shops oil, rice, salt, pepper, spices etc. are sold. Some grocers, tailors, cloth dealers, stationers and tea-sellers have permanent shops. There are different sections of the village market. They are generally known as fish market, vegetable market, rice market, fruit market, and so on. The fish and vegetable markets are the most crowded place in the market. Haggling is one of the main characteristics of a village market. Nothing is sold without haggling.

Importance: The village market is of great use and importance the villagers. Here they get all the necessary things of their daily use. As such they need not go to distant places to buy and sell things.

Social value: Apart from its practical utility, it has also its social value. If brings the people of different villagers closer and thus strengthens the bond of their unity. It is an important place for village politics and a place of entertainment for the villagers too. There are some people who come here only to pass a pleasant time in roaming about.

Demerits: The village market is an unhealthy place. It is dusty in the dry season and muddy in the rainy season. There is no proper system for disposing the garbage and other filths. It lacks in proper sanitation too.

Conclusion: Though the village market is a noisy, dusty and unhealthy place, yet it is an integral part of village life. It is a place of gathering of a vast number of people providing opportunities for views and news let alone buying and selling daily necessaries. Proper care and arrangements should be made for the improvement of the unsatisfactory condition of the village market.

TREE PLANTATION

Introductions: Since the dawn of civilization man has a close relation with nature. Man has made friendship with nature. Nature helps us in many ways. Similarly trees are closely related to our life. They are our friends. Trees play an important role in our life and economy.

Scope of plantation: Bangladesh is lower-lying country. Upper levels are the best suitable places to plant trees. Sea beaches and low-lying unused lands can be used for tree plantations. There are many roads and highways in our country. We can plant trees on the both sides of these roads and highways. Again in the village there are many proper places which can be used for tree plantations. The sides and areas that are lying unused can be used too.

Proper time of tree plantation: June and July are the best time for tree plantation. Tree plantation programmed should be expanded to the remote corner of our country. The officers connected with this programme should proper steps and needful measures to make it a success. They should try to make it properly all over the country. They should come forward with their best knowledge. Most of the people of our village are illiterate. They have no knowledge about the importance of trees. Attempt should be made to make them aware of the importance of trees.

Trees give us valuable things: Trees are our best friends. They are a great source of food and vitamins. There are various kinds of fruits trees. They give us various kinds of fruits which are rich in food value and vitamins. They meet up our local demands. They also meet up our vitamins deficiency. As a result people can keep their body fit and sound by taking fruits. Again we exports fruits to many others countries and earn a lot of foreign exchange.

Trees provide us Wood: Trees are our constant companies in our day to day life. We use them for various purposes. We cannot think of our homes, houses, and residence ETC. without trees. We use trees to make furniture, windows, and doors for our domestic use. Again valuable furniture is made from these trees. We sell some pieces of valuable furniture to foreign countries. Thus trees add beauty to our dwelling places.

Its impact on climate: Trees bear a great impact on our climate. If we destroy trees at random, one day the country will turn into a great dearest. The country will bear the consequences of green house effect. There will be no rain and as a result the country will face a great crisis because our country is a agriculture depend country. Our agriculture also depends on rain. So trees play a vital role on our climate. Trees keep the soil strong. Trees save us from flood and many other natural climates.

Conclusion: It is needless to speak the importance of trees. It is not possible to describe the importance and uses of trees in world. They are part and parcel in our day to day life. We cannot think our existence without trees. Rabindranath says “Back thy forest, take your town” Our government has also launched a massive and ambitious programme regarding tree plantation. We should not use and destroy trees at random. Rather we should plant trees more and for a better and healthier life.