HSC 2nd Year: VNC Paragraphs

FACEBOOK

Facebook is a networking site, which connects people all over the world, making the Earth a global village. This social networking giant was launched by Mark Zuckerberg and his friends. The website mainly aims at connecting people or helps them socialise and makes its revenue out of advertising. A lot of teachers today feel that since the usage of facebook is very familiar with students across the globe, it may prove to provide an upper hand in their education, if used properly. Teachers and students may become facebook friends. That way, teachers may know a lot about their students personally. The student teacher interaction which may not be plausible in the classroom may be made possible online. Teachers and students can post study related videos and articles on their wall, for other students to view and learn. If students and teachers are facebook friends, students will be able to ask doubts any time and get clarified based on the availability of the staff online. If the topics and dates of submission for assignments are posted on facebook, it would be convenient for both the staff and the student. This networking may create a bonding between the preacher and the preached that may not be possible in today's classrooms. As we all know, there are two sides to a coin, to an untold story and to every other thing on earth. Everything has its pros and cons. Hence, facebook, if used properly can be made a powerful educational tool. But, the students who spent more than six hours on facebook were found to have lost interest in studies and eventually, their GPA were less. But, the advantages of facebook can be made to outweigh its disadvantages if educators start using facebook as an educational tool. In conclusion, this study is all about fore fronting the emerging phases of Facebook with special attention to education and academic purposes. Therefore, this paper triggers empiric and theoretical probe on academic activities in Facebook.

ROAD ACCIDENT

The recent movement of Banladeshi students for Road safety in the name ‘We Want Justice’ is really phenomenal for parents, teachers, leaders and for the generation next. Bangladesh is beset with many problems including road accident and the root cause of all problems is over-population. Road accident is one of them and nowadays it has become national catastrophe or crisis for Bangladesh. Everyday road accident is taking away enormous innocent lives ruthlessly. Whenever we turn over the newspaper pages everyday, we find such types of unexpected road crashes news. Day after day we are becoming helpless to the street accidents. Now it is the greatest concern for Bangladesh to reduce death tolls and injured people which are being occurred for sudden road accidents. It has even become dreadful to walk on the busiest roadside in the urban areas. No individual is responsible for causing road accidents singly. There are various reasons for occurring road crashes in Bangladesh. The reasons include inexperienced drivers, lack of social awareness, overtaking tendency, lack of training, ill-motive of earning huge profit, lack of control of our law-enforcing agencies and the like. “Stop plying of three-wheelers on highways, introduce speed metres and create awareness among drivers about the danger of reckless driving” -- these are the major recommendations of the experts.  Road accident should be declared as the national disaster and the prompt and effective actions are much needed to mitigate this problem. The more delay to take actions, the more death tolls to be brought. Traffic rules should be imposed strictly. Passers-by and drivers should be aware. Radio and television can play a vital role in this regard.

Satellite TV Channels in Bangladesh

Satellite TV channels greatly divert our young generation from our rich heritage. Earlier our youths were influenced by western culture but with the introduction of satellite TV channels they are now dominated by Indian culture. Noticing that those channels were diverting our young generation to foreign culture, the local entrepreneurs launched local satellite channels. ATN, the first private TV channel, started operation in 1997. Gradually other channels came into being. At present about 17 local private TV channels are continuously airing programmes upholding our long-cherished culture and tradition. But if we shuffle through the channels we will come across the ubiquitous dance sequence of the Indian music video. Unfortunately, the young generation is easily lured into those things. They remain glued to Indian channels most of which air music videos that ooze with sexuality. As the students waste most of their time watching vulgar music on the satellite channels, they do badly in their exams and thus ruin their future. But satellite TV channels have their bright sides also. There are some very good informative and educative channels like Discovery, Nat Geo Wild, Al Jazeera, BBC, CNN, etc. Watching those channels we can easily widen our gamut of knowledge which will ultimately give us power. So, to protect society from the catastrophic effect and to protect our own rich culture we must ban those channels that air sleazy stuff. TV for kids ought to combine entertainment with some sort of value, be it educational or artistic. Furthermore, while it needn't be juvenile or dumbed down, it cannot contain elements that are completely unfit for a very young audience. Unfortunately, we cannot control what is being shown on our television sets. We can, however, lead our children to understand that there is a world outside of the virtual one. And it's not all that bad out there.

City Life and Rural Life

We, modern humans, willingly choose to live our life. Sometimes we choose to be free while sometimes confined. Free life is  the village life which refers to living in the greenery. City life refers to the life of urban people. There is wide difference between village life and city life. Both the City and the village serve functional purpose in their own way. The village feeds and clothes people and the city provide learning and culture. There is a wide gap between the two in the matter of amenities of life. This gap must be bridged or at least made narrow. The villagers also should enjoy some of the comforts enjoyed by the people living in the cities. Village-life is plain and simple. Here, there is no din and bustle of the city. Everything is calm and quiet. People are in direct touch with nature. Most of their time passes in looking after fields and cattle. They are religious and pious. They devote much of their time to prayer and to signing in praise of God. They enjoy pure air. They get pure and unadulterated food grains, fruits, milk and milk products. They also get fresh vegetables and fruits. The village has many disadvantages, too. There are no good doctors in the village. Therefore, many people die for want of proper treatment. There is much dirt and filth in the village. There is illiteracy also. They are very few libraries. For want of these, people generally remain superstitious. They quarrel among themselves and waste their time in idle gossip. City-life is full of glamour and is very fascinating. There are magnificent multi storied buildings, broad roads, shopping malls, multiplexes, electric light, etc. In large cities, there are mills, factories and industries too. All these dazzle the eyes of newcomers to the city. Here, there is novelty in everything. The dress of the people is different, the habits are different, and there is difference in manners and speech also. Even the daily routine of life is different. People spend their evening in a park, a library, a shopping mall, or a cinema hall. From time to time circus, dramatic parties and exhibitions visit the city and provide diversion to the people. Then there are football, tennis and cricket matches, public meetings, speeches by eminent persons, etc. all these are entirely absent in villages. In the midst of all these, the city-people lose their soul. They turn into something like a machine. They exist merely to each and to spend. City life is good only for the rich. Poor people do not fit in the City. They have to live in dirty quarters. They find it difficult to make both ends meet. In spite of these disadvantages, poor people have to live in Cities. The City provides various sources of income. There are a large number of occupations in the City. They provide livelihood for a large number of poor people. Whatever be the conditions in both lives, we have to choose one just to be happy and just to live a dream life.

HSC ENGLISH: REPORT WRITING

World's most urgent refugee crisis

Diplomatic Correspondent

The humanitarian crisis caused by escalating violence in Myanmar’s Rakhine State is causing suffering on a catastrophic scale. Extreme violence and persecution in the western Rakhine State of Myanmar have caused more than 500,000 Rohingya people, an ethnic minority, to flee their homes in search of a safe haven. Refugees arriving in Bangladesh—mostly women and children—are traumatized, and some have arrived with injuries caused by gunshots, shrapnel, fire and landmines. Leaving almost all they own behind, the majority of those fleeing have crossed the border into Bangladesh. Since Aug. 25, 2017, the Rohingya population in Myanmar has been subjected to extreme violence and has been forced to flee their homes. There have been reports of helicopters firing on civilians, the extra-judicial executions of women and children, and the burning of entire villages. The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights called the situation a "textbook example of ethnic cleansing," and the crisis has caused a mass exodus of the Rohingya across the border into Bangladesh. An emergency fund will support life-saving assistance and relief efforts for Rohingya people displaced by violence and conflict, specifically in and around the refugee camps in the Cox's Bazar area of Bangladesh and in neighboring settlements. Everyone’s support will help survivors and victims get necessary immediate relief supplies like food and hygiene kits, as well as provide longer-term support through activities like the construction of much needed medical clinics and field hospitals.

To address the ongoing and increasing needs, a new Joint Response Plan was launched on 16 March 2018, requesting US$951 million to provide life-saving assistance to 1.3 million people, including Rohingya refugees who fled Myanmar to Bangladesh and local host communities. As of 25 May, the appeal remains only 18% funded. 

Food Adulteration & Health Concern

Staff Correspondent

It is matter of great concern of all that unsafe food serves as a growth medium for bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Food borne diseases may turn fatal and even cause death. 

There is lead in turmeric, formalin in fish, fruits, vegetables and milk. High concentration of pesticides and chemical preservatives are found in fresh produces. Studies show that farmers use a concoction of toxic chemicals to fight pests and they indiscriminately use chemicals in crops to extend shelf life without showing any concern for the health of consumers. We also know of contamination by microorganisms leading to acute food poisoning.

Contaminated foods can carry harmful contaminants,chemicals, parasites and toxins. Application of excessive and unauthorised additives and colours for making food items tasty and attractive can be lethal as many such chemicals may cause cancer and other life threatening ailments. Millions of people of our country become ill from foodborne pathogens each year.On the basis of a surveydone from 2010 to 2013,the Public Health Institute stated that 50%of all food items were found to be adulterated.Greed for fast profit among food traders has led to today's alarming situation. 

The relevant government agencies for food safety have a role to play in consumer protection. They need to educate producers on how to produce safe food, and at the same time punish people who deliberately sell unsafe food. The Bangladesh Food Safety Authority was incorporated in 2013 as an Act to help coordinate food control and consumer protection activities across the country. FAO is providing technical assistance to the Ministry of Food in this regard. But there is also the need for political will to devote sufficient public resources to make the system operational and effective in the longer term.

Flood in 4 districts turns serious

UNB, Dhaka

The floodwaters have inundated fresh areas of the four districts, halting academic activities at hundreds of educational institutions. According to reports reaching the UNB desk, the water levels of all the rivers, including Brahmaputra, Teesta, Dharla, Jamuna and Dudhkumar in the three districts continued to rise due to the onrush of water and heavy downpour. The flood hit more than one lakh people in four upazilas of Lalmonirhat, over 1.7 lakh people of 250 villages under five upazilas of Kurigram, more than one lakh people in Sirajganj district and one lakh inhabitants in Jamalpur. The flood-affected people were suffering much for lack of pure drinking water, sanitation, food and shelters. State Minister for Social Welfare Ministry has distributed relief goods among 400 flood victims of Char Bairati area this morning. The scarcity of food and pure drinking water has turned acute in the flood-affected areas. Waterborne diseases were spreading fast in the flood-hit areas while no relief or medicine reached the victims yet. More than 150 educational institutions were shut down following the flood, locals said, adding that 771 hectares of cropland were inundated. Like Altaf, at least 20 people of the same village have been staying on the embankment with their domestic animals. Milon Hossain was one of them, living there with his four cattle, for the last three days. "My family members are virtually living on the bed to avoid the water. But these cattle cannot survive there. I need to save my cattle at any cost." he said. Without their cattle, the people here believe that they have nothing else to look forward to. Years of taking care and doting after these creatures has built an unbreakable bond that cannot be fully explained.

Some people said they sold their domestic animal due to lack of accommodation. Parting was better than causing more suffering. Moreover, some 119 government primary schools were declared shut down in the six upazila for flood waters, said district primary education officer Md Shahidul Islam. The rise of water is devouring more and more places of different upazilas. Twenty-one villages in three unions of Sonatola upazila and 14 villages in two unions were inundated, affecting at least 70,000 people, according to the District Relief Office.

Viqarunnisa Noon Science Festival prize giving ceremony held

Staff Correspondent

The prize giving ceremony of the 'Pran Frooto Viqarunnisa Noon 13th Science Festival' of took place at the auditorium of the institute yesterday. Dhaka University Vice Chancellor Prof AAMS Arefin Siddique attended the programme as the chief guest while Prof Dr Mohammad Kaykobad as special guest. The principal of Viqarunnisa Noon School and College, presided over the ceremony. Prof Arefin said we should be careful so that technology does not stray out of its tracks and we should utilise it for betterment of people. In the project display competition, first three places in physical science (senior), were taken by Kazi Ridita Mahtaba (smart heater), Iffatur Ridwan (simple LDR remote) and Mastura Safayet (air conditioning). In biology and environmental planning (senior), first three places were taken by Mehnaz Tabassum (replacement of defected genes with the help of gene therapy), Sangeeta Bhattacharjee (environment at its best) and Nishat Salsabil (floating kitchen garden). In IT (senior), the first three places were taken by Mahnuma Mahfuz Estee (vision 2021 digital Bangladesh), Khondoker Faria Alam (factory automation system with RFID) and Nazneen Nawal Bipasha (digital Bangladesh). In psychology (senior), the first three places were taken by Nakia Bari (dyslexia a psychological disorder), Marin Sultana (autism) and Faiza Monzor (meditation). In physical science (junior 1), the first three places were taken by Sadia Islam (mobile battery), Syeda Amina Abedin Sadia (producing loom from banana leaf) and Jannatul Ferdous (air condition without power supply). In physical science (junior 2), the first three places were taken by Anika Ibnat Shama (producing electricity with the by product gas from brick kilns), Farzana Sarkar (producing electricity from air) and Noshin Nehal (easy way to pump water without motor). In biology and environmental planning (junior 2), the first three places were taken by Tahsin Tarannum (pipeline fish breeding process), Zaria Akter (toxic pesticide tree save food technology) and Subah Salsabil (preserving tomatoes without cold storage).

During the festival, the club also organised an inter-school and college quiz competition, extempore speech competition, debate competition, project display competition, sudoku competition, math Olympiad, physics Olympiad, chemistry Olympiad, and sky observation.

HSC PARAGRAPHS

7^th March Speech of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman

A speech gave birth to an independent nation. The speech captivated all present and all heard it. The mixture of love, command, instructions, motivation, and dream made the speech a success for which it was delivered. It is amazing that in his historic 7th March speech he addressed the people of the land as ‘tumi’ and “tomader” (the informal you Bengali). One has to remember that he was barely 50 at the time.  According to the current writer Bangabandhu’s becoming so popular and loved by the people lies primarily with three things –charisma, courage and his genuine devotion and affection to his people. It is the last factor which is probably the most crucial. Bangabandhu was a genuine people’s leader. The historic speech’ historic importance is no less immense than other renowned speeches. The Gettysburg speech of Abraham Lincoln and the "I Have a Dream" speech of Martin Luther King Junior are masterpieces in the oratorical tradition. Speech of Bangabandhu is not merely an oratorical art. Bangabandhu’s 7th March speech cannot be said to be limited only to a clarion call for emancipation of the 75 million people of Bangladesh. It transcended to every aspect of the lives of the people after the independence of the country. It brought about a revolutionary change in the psyche of the nation. They transformed into a brave and invincible nation. Against all odds, they embarked on rebuilding the country under the leadership of their leader who returned to his new born country on January 10 from captivity in Pakistan. These are some of the achievements of the country after its emergence as an independent country through a bloody war of liberation in 1971. All these happened primarily because of the change in the psyche of the people and that change can be attributed to one single important factor the 7th March, 1971 speech of Bangabandhu. It transformed a subdued nation for hundreds of years into a nation of brave people who can conquer even death for a rightful cause. Now as the 8th largest country in the world in terms of population the sky is limit for the brave and resilient people of Bangladesh. Salute to the father of the Nation for transforming us as brave and ever challenge seeking people and country.  

FOOD ADULTERATION

We, the people of Bangladesh have the every legitimate expectation to get the food free from adulteration as of our constitutional right. This is the responsibility of the state apparatus to ensure that for the common people. Food adulteration can be substantially combat by the legal paradigm presently we have with few renovations of law. But it is very important, how these laws are being implemented by the state. No more hyperactive drives without following the spirit of law by the Mobile Courts are expected, because judicially established Courts are there to act under the protocol of law. The manufacturers and producers should not hanker after money by the way of delivering adulterated food to the innocent people. Let us live and let others live on food free from adulteration of any kind.

TRAFFIC POLICE

At the railway stations, street crossings and important public places, one often comes across a well-built man, wearing a khaki dress and a leather belt round his waist. Well, everybody knows him —he is the policeman. He is appointed to protect civilians from criminals and evildoers. He has many duties to perform. He maintains law and order in the country. He is, therefore, called the guardian of law and order. He keeps a sharp eye on bad characters. Whenever they break the law, he arrests them and takes them to the police station. There is traffic police also. The main duty of the traffic policeman is to control and regulate the traffic. He generally stands on a raised platform and regulates the traffic by making certain signs with his hands. If any driver goes against the rules, he blows his whistle and stops him. The duty of the traffic policeman is very hard because he has to stand under the scorching sun or in heavy rain for hours together. At night the policeman patrols the streets and guards our property. He traces thefts and brings the culprits to book. But nowadays, there have been some incidents and situations wherein the police have acted brutally. There have been some corruption charges on the police also. It is a pity that some policemen accept bribe and shrug off the great responsibility they have for the society as a whole. The police should be aware of the fact that if the protectors turn to be destructors – our society will be ruined and the country will not progress at all. Individual interests should always be sacrificed for the interest of society. The social attitude towards the police has also become that of terror. Generally, people do not discriminate between an evildoer and a policeman. We should not look down upon him since he is our social protector. We should try to put a little faith on him. The government should also better his lot so that he should have a comfortable living. Then, he would not accept bribes. Again, only educated persons should be recruited and besides their tough training they should be taught to be polite and well-mannered. Only then, the public will have no problems with the police and together they will be able to eradicate crime.

Etiquette and Manners

As a social being, humans are social in nature. But living in society is not an easy job. How one behaves with another, how he approaches another person and how far he is successful in playing his role in the society indicates his manners. So, broadly speaking, we can define manners to be well established standard of conduct on the social life. Good etiquette and manners are a socially respectful & acceptable way of displaying consideration, care and respect towards others. It can further help you to have a better relationship with other people around you. To master good etiquette and manners you must learn to master phone etiquette, dining etiquette as well as basic etiquette. Learning good manners & etiquettes can help you to convey respect to people with whom you interact with. At the same time it also means that you can command respect from people you interact with. People having good etiquette and manners practice basic courtesy, speak politely, hold doors open for elder people, behave well at public places, drive courteously, greet people and never use harsh words and hurt others. Nobody is born with good manners. Everyone either learns or acquires them. The best place to harness manners and etiquettes is the home which is a miniature society and where the child spends most of its time. A child tries to stimulate its parents and elders in their behavior and slowly learns and acquires certain traits of character that it has learnt at home. It learns a lot in company of his friends at school or college. In the school or college, the teacher plays an important role in cultivation of good manners and etiquettes. Teachers with their ideal behavior imbibe good manners in the school students. So we can say that the success or failure in the life of a man depends largely upon his manners and etiquettes.

Adolescence 

Adolescence is a time of rapid physiological and psychological change of intensive readjustment to the family, education-institutes, work and social life and of preparation for adult roles. It starts with puberty and ends with the achievement of an adult work role. It usually begins between 11 and 16 years in boys and between 9 and 16 years in girls. Websters’ dictionary defines adolescence the ‘process of growing up’ or the ‘period of life from puberty to maturity’. Adolescence has been associated with an age span, varying from 10-13 as the starting age and 19-21 as the concluding age, depending on whose definition is being applied. This period is a very important and exciting stage in life that are marred by many stages of development and challenge, it is a time when adolescent experiment so many thing that can either make or break their life and future, a period of exposure, it is a very unstable, inconsistent and emotional period, there are different stress and storms attached with adolescence. Adolescent period is often believed to be a difficult period and very critical stage of transition because of various qualitative shift that they pass through at that moment of life and this conflicts with breaking away from the old self and interest of the childhood memories and all these periods are accompanied by significant changes of various degrees for instance, all the characteristics involved in puberty such as menstrual cycle in girls and hair growth in certain part of the body in boys as well as deepening of the voice. It is generally believed that most if not all adolescent experience difference stages of storm and stress at this period of their life. Apart from the factors mention above earlier, conflicts with parents, mood disruption and behaviour, there are different factors responsible for why adolescent experience various storms and stress during this stage and this is due to the rapid changes and transitions going on in the body and in the environment around them. Not all individuals experience this process of storm and stress but it does happen and it only affect most adolescent but not all as it is widely perceived and portrayed by the media, society and parents.

Higher Education in Bangladesh

The education which is offered in the universities is called higher education. A student will be eligible for higher education after completing his SSC and HSC examination successfully. As places for higher education are limited in our country all the students completing their HSC will not be allowed to get higher education. They have to face an admission test in different educational institutions. The scope of higher education in our country is very limited. Our colleges and universities cannot accommodate all the students who are eligible for higher education. As a result a lot of students go abroad for higher education every year. The development of a modern society depends to a large extent on the nature and standard of higher education. Higher education has enormous potential to promote prosperity in the developing nations. Throughout the World, universities change the society and remain the center of change and development. In the context of Bangladesh various Education Commissions that were set up so far theoretically emphasized on unlocking potential at all levels of society and creating a pool of highly trained individuals to contribute to the national development. But in practice these universities are very weak and do not change anything. Better understanding among teachers and students, introduction of modern teaching methods and dedication of teachers and students can improve the culture of higher education in Bangladesh. A proper academic calendar can bring discipline. Initiate to free the universities from the clutches of politics can play a lot of the overall improvement of the universities. The strategic plan document for higher education suggests that in the face of a changed scenario of higher education, quality improvement in the higher education has to be the main focus of attention and development of science and technology based education should be given top priority by the government and the private sector in the next two decades.

CHILD LABOUR

Child labour is the crime to humanity which has become a curse to the society and big issue preventing the country growth and development. Childhood is the most memorable period of the life which everyone has right to live from birth. Children have full rights to play with friends, go to school, feel the love and care of parents and touch beauty of the nature. However, just because of the improper understandings of the people (parents, owners, etc), children are forced to live life of the elder. They are forced to arrange all the resources for life survival in their childhood. Parents want to make them very responsible towards their family in the early childhood of their kids. They do not  understand that their kids need love and care, they need proper schooling and play with friends to grow properly. Such parents understand that their kids are the only property of them, they can use them as they want. But really, all parents need to understand that they have some responsibility towards their country too. They need to make their kids healthy in every aspect to make the future of the country bright. Parents should take all the responsibility of the family by own and let their kids to live their childhood with lots of love and care. The main causes of the child labour all over the world are poverty, parents, society, low salary, joblessness, poor living standard and understanding, social injustice, lack of schools, backwardness, ineffective laws which are directly affecting the development of the country. Nothing effective is happening to prevent the child labour from society as quickly as possible. Children are too young, cute and innocent to realize the things happening to them in the early age. They are unable to recognise that what is wrong and illegal for them instead they become happy getting small money for their work. Unknowingly they become interested in the getting money on daily basis and ruining their whole life and future. It needs some effective rules and regulations by the government to completely end its roots forever.